Nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms for urban transit routing problem

Abstract Designing urban transportation networks is a technological and social reality defined as decentralized polynomial NP-Hard problem. In order to efficiently resolve this issue, several nature-inspired metaheuristic approaches have been proposed. Although these methods are crucial resolving network challenges, no comprehensive study has conducted address concerns. Thus, provides an in-depth examination of applied transmission. The current aims demonstrate the significant benefits optimization algorithms in solving Urban Transit Routing Problem (UTRP).